APA Style

Salam..

MH ade nak share dengan korang macam mana nak letak reference kat assigments korang. Kalau lecturer korang nak APA Style la kan.. Previously MH dah tulis pasal Chicago Style.

There are 2 types of citations in APA Style:

  

CITATIONS- IN TEXT :

1.      Author’s name in main sentence:

      year of publication in parentheses

2.      Author not named in main sentence:

      author’s name and year of publication in parentheses

3.      More than one author not named in main sentence:

      cite in the same parentheses

4.      Several sources by the same author, author’s name in main sentence:

      years of publications in ascending order in same parentheses

5.      Quotation:

use author’s name in main sentence, year of publication in parentheses, with the page or para. number in parentheses at end of quote

6.      Unknown Author:

use first two or three words of title and year of publication in parentheses at end of sentence

7.      No date:

use author’s last name followed by the notation n.d. for “no date” in parentheses at end of sentence

CITATIONS- BIBLIOGRAPHY:

1.      Books/Monographs

            ·         Book – Single Author

            ·         Book – Two or More Authors

            ·         Book– Anonymous

            ·         Book – Edited

            ·         Book – Chapter in an Edited Book

            ·         Book – Encyclopedia

2.      Journals/Serials/Newspapers

·         Article - Newspaper

·         Article – Magazine

·         Article – Scholarly Journal

3.      Non Print Sources

·         Film

·         Image

4.      Internet Resources

·         Web Site – Anonymous

·         Web Site – Personal Author

·         Web Site – Editor

·         Web Site – Institutional/Organizational Author

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CITATIONS- IN TEXT

(1)   Author’s name in main sentence: year of publication in parentheses

More recent work by Troy (2005) has provided support for the notion that memory for faces involves verbal as well as visual information.

(2)   Author not named in main sentence: author’s name and year of publication in parentheses

One study demonstrated that after listening to an hour-long lecture, most people could recall only 23% of its important points (Boredom, 2007).

(3)   More than one author not named in main sentence: cite in the same parentheses

Several recent studies (Pastor, 2002; McDonald, 2003; Farmer, 2005) have supported the idea that many domesticated animals are capable of

very complex types of cognitive processing.

(4)   Several sources by the same author, author’s name in main sentence: years of publications in ascending order in same parentheses

Several studies by Gallahad (2001, 2003, 2007a,b) have examined the causes and symptoms of the “knight in shining armor” syndrome.

(5)   Quotation: use author’s name in main sentence, year of publication in parentheses, with the page or para. number in parentheses at end of quote

As Scepton (2005) notes, “the most widely accepted explanation for most psychotherapeutic benefi ts is the placebo effect” (p. 467).

Cheek and Buss (1989) have asserted that “people in numerous cultures greet each other with a form of greeting that Westerners would call a

‘kiss’” (para. 7).

(6)   Unknown Author: use first two or three words of title and year of publication in parentheses at end of sentence

Antibacterial soaps target some common microbes (“Microbes Evolve!” 2006).

(7)   No date: use author’s last name followed by the notation n.d. for “no date” in parentheses at end of sentence

It is particularly difficult to diagnose seasonal affective disorder, because of the lack of a standardized test or even an agreed-upon list of

symptoms (Winterbottom, n.d.).

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CITATIONS- BIBLIOGRAPHY

NOTE: APA FORMAT IS DOUBLE SPACED WITH A HANGING INDENT; DUE TO SPACE CONSIDERATIONS, EXAMPLES ARE SHOWN SINGLE SPACED.

  

(A) Books/Monographs

Order of Information to be Included in Bibliography (if Available);

Author’s or Editor’s (etc.) name, in reverse. (Year of publication in parentheses). Title of work in italics, only capitalize first word of title and any proper nouns (extra information, such as edition number, if necessary to identify work, in parentheses) .Place of publication: Publisher.

(1)   Book – Single Author

Nigh, B. (2007). Topics in science (Rev. ed.). New York: Chemical Press.

(2)   Book – Two or More Authors

Glass, F., & Glass, Z. (2006). World religions: In theory and practice. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press.

(3)   Book– Anonymous

Dictionary of small places (2nd college ed.). (2004). Boston: Lilliputian Press.

(4)   Book – Edited

Morris, R. J. (Ed.). (2007) Cat food across the world. New York: Cream of the Crop Press.

(5)   Book – Chapter in an Edited Book

Bartholowmew, M. (2006). The clash of east and west in medicine: Medical practice and religion in the wake of the Black Death. In M. Moscovitch (Ed.), The history of medicine (pp. 145-172). New York: Cranium Press.

Norwich, J. (2007). Friendship bread: Food for thought. In T. Avila & F. Angelico (Eds.), Cooking with the saints (pp. 143-165). Hillsdale, NJ: Erltree.

(6)   Book – Encyclopedia

Tuper, W., & Jigger, S. (Eds.) (2007). Encyclopedia of measurements and containers (Vols. 1-3). Baltimore, MD: Meter Publications.

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(B)  Journals/Serials/Newspapers

Order of Information to be Included in Bibliography (if Available):

Author’s name, in reverse. (Year of publication, month and day in parentheses). Title of article, only capatalize first word of title only and any proper nouns. Title of publication in italics, volume number in italics (issue number in regular font), page number/numbers. Retrieved from database name OR, if available, use doi:xx.xxxxxxxx (NOTE: no period required after doi)

(1)   Article - Newspaper

Recycling takes campus by storm. (2006, February 18). Indiana University Gazette, p. 4.

Read, B. (2005, March 19). Downloads on the rise. Yale Daily News, p. 8. Retrieved from LexisNexis Academic database.

(2)   Article – Magazine

Pergram, A. (2006, December). Music and machines. Guitar Monthly, 7, 158-163, 166-167.

Rutherford, E. (2006, July 10). Study habits among graduating seniors. Education Daily, 5-7.

Whitt, J. (2007, May 2). The downfall of the sitcom. Newslife, 146, 62. Retrieved from ABI Inform/Global database.

(3)   Article – Scholarly Journal

Heck, A. M., Haley, K. M., & Winn, J. G. (2003). Further analysis of the hippopotamus’ sleep patterns. Zoo Psychology, 6, 215-240.

Miller, L. E., & Baer, B. C. (2000). Brain mechanisms of flight. Scientific, 110(3), 150-164.

Quinn, D. (2004). Irish diaspora studies in Canada. Culture Canadien, 27(2), 166-174. Retrieved from Academic Search Premier database.

Smith, Joe. (2008). The problem with citations. The Best Scholarly Journal, 12(10), 150-153. doi:60.123A/6102.21.3245

Whitehouse, W. G. (2004). Political ambush in traditional pre-schools. Journal of Abnormal Education, 591(4), 567-588. Retrieved from PsycARTICLES database.

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(C) Non Print Sources

(1)   Film

(Bibliography)

LastName, FirstInitial. (Producer), & LastName, FirstInitial. (Writer/Director). (Year). Title[Motion Picture]. Country: Company

In Text

(Producer or Writer/Director, Year)

(2)   Image

(Bibliography)

ArtistLastName, ArtistFirstInitial. Title of art[Medium]. Museum/place displayed city, country. URL or library database

In Text

(ArtistLastName, Year)

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(D) Internet Resources

Order of Information to be Included in Bibliography (if Available):

Author’s name, in reverse. (Date of publication in parentheses). Title of document/page in italics. Date retreived, from exact address (NOTE: no period required after web address)

(1)   Web Site – Anonymous

Subway maps to the stars: Autographs on the underground. Retrieved March 1, 2007, from

http://www.subwaymaps.net

(2)   Web Site – Personal Author

Slee, A. V. (n.d.). Home page. Retrieved July 12, 2005, from http://mypage.iu.edu/~avslee/

(3)   Web Site – Editor

Ryan, F. (Ed.). (2007). Case studies at the university hospitals of Cleveland. Retrieved July 14, 2006, from http://www.uh.org/reports/casestudies.pdf

(4)   Web Site – Institutional/Organizational Author

World University. (2005). World University fact book 2004-2005. Retrieved August 9, 2005, from http://factbook.worldu.edu/fbook04/enroll/fall.shtml

Computer Printer Repair Association. (n.d.). PC load letter: Understanding error messages. Retrieved October 18, 2006, from http://pcloadletter.com http:/www.cpra.org/tips/troubleshooting/n00584/n00534.html

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REFERENCE:

INDIANA UNIVERSITY Bloomington-APA Style 

Chicago Style

So the new semester has already begin and of course the lecturers have assign you with all stuffs especially assignments a.k.a term papers a.k.a research project etc.  When there are assignments so we need to cite the sources, am I right? Sometimes we have headache when it comes to cite the source.

Usually there are 3 main types of citations- Chicago, MLA & APA style. So here MH has the most common or brief or simple examples.

:: Chicago style :: a.ka. :: Humanities style ::

This style cites the source in footnote & bibliography.

*Note = Footnote.

*Bib = Bibliography.

Book – One author

Note: 3. Susan Danziger, Slicing up the Pie: Getting a Bigger Half (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2004), 65.

Bib: Danziger, Susan. Slicing up the Pie: Getting a Bigger Half. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2004.

Book – Two authors

Note: 6. Gerald Shaw and Roberta Benbar, Economies in Action (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005), 104–7.

Bib: Shaw, Gerald, and Roberta Benbar. Economies in Action. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000.

Book – Four or more authors

Note: 13. Edgar A. Herrmann et al., The Politics of Sexuality: Acceptance and Rejection in the United States (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2003), 262.

Bib: Herrmann, Edgar A., James P. Peroni, Elizabeth T. McNabb, and Stephanie Holtz. The Politics of Sexuality: Acceptance and Rejection in the United States. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2003.

Book – Edited, Translated, or Compiled

Note: 4. Katharine Lanier, trans., Dante’s Inferno (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991), 91–92.

Bib: Lanier, Katharine, trans. Dante’s Inferno. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991.

Government Documents and Corporate Authors

Note: 15. U.S. Department of State, Foreign Relations of the United States: Diplomatic Papers, 1943 (Washington, DC: GPO, 1965), 562.

Bib: U.S. Department of State. Foreign Relations of the United States: Diplomatic Papers, 1943. Washington, DC: GPO, 1965.

Note: 3. International Monetary Fund. International Debt Management: Three Studies (Washington, D.C.: International Monetary Fund, 1977), 566.

Bib: International Monetary Fund. International Debt Management: Three Studies. Washington, D.C.: International Monetary Fund, 1977.

Book – Chapter or other part of a book

Note: 5. Andrea Wozniak, “‘The Eden I Inhabit’: Race, Class, and Gender in the Suburbs,” in Suburban America, ed. Kenneth M. Levine and Teresa J. Sala (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2006), 108–9.

Bib: Wozniak, Andrea. “‘The Eden I Inhabit’: Race, Class, and Gender in the Suburbs.” In Suburban America, edited by Kenneth M. Levine and Teresa J. Sala, 99–119. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2006.

Book – Preface, Foreword, or Introduction

Note: 17. Jeanette Rankin, Introduction to Innocents Aboard, by Mark Clement (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2003), xx–xxi.

Bib: Rankin, Jeanette. Introduction to Innocents Aboard, by Mark Clement, xi–xxxvii. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2003.

Book – Published Electronically

When a book is available in more than one format, cite the version you consulted. If an access date necessary, add it in parentheses following the citation.

Note: 2. Paul T. West and Raymond Perez, eds., The Northwest Passage (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2002),

http://press-pubs.uchicago.edu/northwest/ (accessed June 27, 2006).

Bib: West, Paul T., and Raymond Perez, eds. The Northwest Passage. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2002. http://press-pubs.uchicago.edu/northwest/. Also available in print form and as a CD-ROM.

Book - Encyclopedia

Well-known dictionaries and encyclopedias are usually cited in notes and omitted from the bibliography or reference list.

Note: 1. Encyclopedia Britannica, 15th ed., s.v. “South Africa.”

Bib: Encyclopedia Britannica 15th ed., s.v. “South Africa.”

Article- Newspaper

Note: 10. Nicholas E. James, “The Unknown Guitarist,” New York Times, December 20, 2005, Arts section, Midwest edition.

Bib: James, Nicholas E. “The Unknown Guitarist.” New York Times, December 20, 2005, Arts section, Midwest edition.

Note: 6. Boston Globe, “Today’s Dollar and the Euro,” July 15, 2006, sec. A.

Bib: Boston Globe. “Today’s Dollar and the Euro.” July 15, 2006, sec. A
.

Article – Magazine

Note: 29. Sam Yee, “Sausages and Laws,” New Yorker, May 6, 2004, 84.

Bib: Yee, Sam. “Sausages and Laws” New Yorker, May 6, 2004.

Article – Scholarly Journal

Note: 8. James MacDonald Szabo, “The Origins of Art,” Naturalism 29 (2006): 139.

Bib: Szabo, James MacDonald. “The Origins of Art.” Naturalism 29 (2006): 139–49.

Note: 33. Margaret A. Estes et al., “Infant Language Acquisition: Mapping Sound to Meaning,” Journal of Early Childhood 23, no. 5 (2004), http://www.ela.org/ /joec/v23n5/estes.html.

Bib: Estes, Margaret A., Perry Estes, Henry Steinhoff, and Katharine B. Graf. “Infant Language Acquisition: Mapping Sound to Meaning.” Journal of Early

Childhood 23, no. 5 (March 6, 2004), http://www.ela.org/ /joec/v23n5/estes.html. (accessed January 3, 2007).

Film

Note: 12. The One Dark Secret of a Dutchman, DVD, directed by Charles Van Ness (1999; Culver City, CA: Columbia Tristar Home Video, 2003).

Bib: The One Dark Secret of a Dutchman. DVD. Directed by Charles Van Ness. 1999; Culver City, CA: Columbia Tristar Home Video, 2003.

Web Site – Anonymous

Note: 11. Society for Ethics in America, “A New Approach to Ethics,” http://www.sea.org/archive/newapproach.html.

Bib: Society for Ethics in America. “A New Approach to Ethics.” http://www.sea.org/archive/newapproach (accessed June 11, 2006).

Subsequent Citations (short form)

Short form citations include the last name of the author and the main title of the work; the title of the work may be shorted if it contains more than four words.

First Citation:

1. Gabriel Patel, Peace and Power: The New India (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2004), 24–25.

2. Karen M. Poague, “Old Testament Adultery: The Kings of Israel,” Inquiry 5, no. 2 (2002): 125-29.

Subsequent Citations:

3. Patel, Peace and Power, 43.

4. Poague, “Old Testament Adultery,” 138.

Ibid.

You may use Ibid. to cite a reference in single work cited in the note immediately preceding. If the entire reference, including page numbers or other particulars, is identical, you may use Ibid. alone.

5. Patel, Peace and Power, 241.

6. Ibid., 258–59.

7. Ibid.

8. Pogue, “Old Testament Adultery,” 138.

9. Ibid., 35–36.


Reference:


IUB Libraries