APA Style

Salam..

MH ade nak share dengan korang macam mana nak letak reference kat assigments korang. Kalau lecturer korang nak APA Style la kan.. Previously MH dah tulis pasal Chicago Style.

There are 2 types of citations in APA Style:

  

CITATIONS- IN TEXT :

1.      Author’s name in main sentence:

      year of publication in parentheses

2.      Author not named in main sentence:

      author’s name and year of publication in parentheses

3.      More than one author not named in main sentence:

      cite in the same parentheses

4.      Several sources by the same author, author’s name in main sentence:

      years of publications in ascending order in same parentheses

5.      Quotation:

use author’s name in main sentence, year of publication in parentheses, with the page or para. number in parentheses at end of quote

6.      Unknown Author:

use first two or three words of title and year of publication in parentheses at end of sentence

7.      No date:

use author’s last name followed by the notation n.d. for “no date” in parentheses at end of sentence

CITATIONS- BIBLIOGRAPHY:

1.      Books/Monographs

            ·         Book – Single Author

            ·         Book – Two or More Authors

            ·         Book– Anonymous

            ·         Book – Edited

            ·         Book – Chapter in an Edited Book

            ·         Book – Encyclopedia

2.      Journals/Serials/Newspapers

·         Article - Newspaper

·         Article – Magazine

·         Article – Scholarly Journal

3.      Non Print Sources

·         Film

·         Image

4.      Internet Resources

·         Web Site – Anonymous

·         Web Site – Personal Author

·         Web Site – Editor

·         Web Site – Institutional/Organizational Author

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CITATIONS- IN TEXT

(1)   Author’s name in main sentence: year of publication in parentheses

More recent work by Troy (2005) has provided support for the notion that memory for faces involves verbal as well as visual information.

(2)   Author not named in main sentence: author’s name and year of publication in parentheses

One study demonstrated that after listening to an hour-long lecture, most people could recall only 23% of its important points (Boredom, 2007).

(3)   More than one author not named in main sentence: cite in the same parentheses

Several recent studies (Pastor, 2002; McDonald, 2003; Farmer, 2005) have supported the idea that many domesticated animals are capable of

very complex types of cognitive processing.

(4)   Several sources by the same author, author’s name in main sentence: years of publications in ascending order in same parentheses

Several studies by Gallahad (2001, 2003, 2007a,b) have examined the causes and symptoms of the “knight in shining armor” syndrome.

(5)   Quotation: use author’s name in main sentence, year of publication in parentheses, with the page or para. number in parentheses at end of quote

As Scepton (2005) notes, “the most widely accepted explanation for most psychotherapeutic benefi ts is the placebo effect” (p. 467).

Cheek and Buss (1989) have asserted that “people in numerous cultures greet each other with a form of greeting that Westerners would call a

‘kiss’” (para. 7).

(6)   Unknown Author: use first two or three words of title and year of publication in parentheses at end of sentence

Antibacterial soaps target some common microbes (“Microbes Evolve!” 2006).

(7)   No date: use author’s last name followed by the notation n.d. for “no date” in parentheses at end of sentence

It is particularly difficult to diagnose seasonal affective disorder, because of the lack of a standardized test or even an agreed-upon list of

symptoms (Winterbottom, n.d.).

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CITATIONS- BIBLIOGRAPHY

NOTE: APA FORMAT IS DOUBLE SPACED WITH A HANGING INDENT; DUE TO SPACE CONSIDERATIONS, EXAMPLES ARE SHOWN SINGLE SPACED.

  

(A) Books/Monographs

Order of Information to be Included in Bibliography (if Available);

Author’s or Editor’s (etc.) name, in reverse. (Year of publication in parentheses). Title of work in italics, only capitalize first word of title and any proper nouns (extra information, such as edition number, if necessary to identify work, in parentheses) .Place of publication: Publisher.

(1)   Book – Single Author

Nigh, B. (2007). Topics in science (Rev. ed.). New York: Chemical Press.

(2)   Book – Two or More Authors

Glass, F., & Glass, Z. (2006). World religions: In theory and practice. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press.

(3)   Book– Anonymous

Dictionary of small places (2nd college ed.). (2004). Boston: Lilliputian Press.

(4)   Book – Edited

Morris, R. J. (Ed.). (2007) Cat food across the world. New York: Cream of the Crop Press.

(5)   Book – Chapter in an Edited Book

Bartholowmew, M. (2006). The clash of east and west in medicine: Medical practice and religion in the wake of the Black Death. In M. Moscovitch (Ed.), The history of medicine (pp. 145-172). New York: Cranium Press.

Norwich, J. (2007). Friendship bread: Food for thought. In T. Avila & F. Angelico (Eds.), Cooking with the saints (pp. 143-165). Hillsdale, NJ: Erltree.

(6)   Book – Encyclopedia

Tuper, W., & Jigger, S. (Eds.) (2007). Encyclopedia of measurements and containers (Vols. 1-3). Baltimore, MD: Meter Publications.

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(B)  Journals/Serials/Newspapers

Order of Information to be Included in Bibliography (if Available):

Author’s name, in reverse. (Year of publication, month and day in parentheses). Title of article, only capatalize first word of title only and any proper nouns. Title of publication in italics, volume number in italics (issue number in regular font), page number/numbers. Retrieved from database name OR, if available, use doi:xx.xxxxxxxx (NOTE: no period required after doi)

(1)   Article - Newspaper

Recycling takes campus by storm. (2006, February 18). Indiana University Gazette, p. 4.

Read, B. (2005, March 19). Downloads on the rise. Yale Daily News, p. 8. Retrieved from LexisNexis Academic database.

(2)   Article – Magazine

Pergram, A. (2006, December). Music and machines. Guitar Monthly, 7, 158-163, 166-167.

Rutherford, E. (2006, July 10). Study habits among graduating seniors. Education Daily, 5-7.

Whitt, J. (2007, May 2). The downfall of the sitcom. Newslife, 146, 62. Retrieved from ABI Inform/Global database.

(3)   Article – Scholarly Journal

Heck, A. M., Haley, K. M., & Winn, J. G. (2003). Further analysis of the hippopotamus’ sleep patterns. Zoo Psychology, 6, 215-240.

Miller, L. E., & Baer, B. C. (2000). Brain mechanisms of flight. Scientific, 110(3), 150-164.

Quinn, D. (2004). Irish diaspora studies in Canada. Culture Canadien, 27(2), 166-174. Retrieved from Academic Search Premier database.

Smith, Joe. (2008). The problem with citations. The Best Scholarly Journal, 12(10), 150-153. doi:60.123A/6102.21.3245

Whitehouse, W. G. (2004). Political ambush in traditional pre-schools. Journal of Abnormal Education, 591(4), 567-588. Retrieved from PsycARTICLES database.

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(C) Non Print Sources

(1)   Film

(Bibliography)

LastName, FirstInitial. (Producer), & LastName, FirstInitial. (Writer/Director). (Year). Title[Motion Picture]. Country: Company

In Text

(Producer or Writer/Director, Year)

(2)   Image

(Bibliography)

ArtistLastName, ArtistFirstInitial. Title of art[Medium]. Museum/place displayed city, country. URL or library database

In Text

(ArtistLastName, Year)

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(D) Internet Resources

Order of Information to be Included in Bibliography (if Available):

Author’s name, in reverse. (Date of publication in parentheses). Title of document/page in italics. Date retreived, from exact address (NOTE: no period required after web address)

(1)   Web Site – Anonymous

Subway maps to the stars: Autographs on the underground. Retrieved March 1, 2007, from

http://www.subwaymaps.net

(2)   Web Site – Personal Author

Slee, A. V. (n.d.). Home page. Retrieved July 12, 2005, from http://mypage.iu.edu/~avslee/

(3)   Web Site – Editor

Ryan, F. (Ed.). (2007). Case studies at the university hospitals of Cleveland. Retrieved July 14, 2006, from http://www.uh.org/reports/casestudies.pdf

(4)   Web Site – Institutional/Organizational Author

World University. (2005). World University fact book 2004-2005. Retrieved August 9, 2005, from http://factbook.worldu.edu/fbook04/enroll/fall.shtml

Computer Printer Repair Association. (n.d.). PC load letter: Understanding error messages. Retrieved October 18, 2006, from http://pcloadletter.com http:/www.cpra.org/tips/troubleshooting/n00584/n00534.html

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REFERENCE:

INDIANA UNIVERSITY Bloomington-APA Style